Stack Data Structure in Cpp (c++)

 What is Stack?

Stack refers to an abstract data types (ADTs) that is a collection of elements, with two principal operations that are addition and removal of elements from the collection. It works on the principle of LIFO (last In first out). It is also considered as a linear data structure.

 

Example: A set of books. It easy to take an item off the top rather from the middle.

Basic operations of Stack:

• Push: Add item to the list.
• Pop: Removes item from the list.

 

Advantages:

Stack is faster than heap memory allocation (also known as Dynamic Memory Allocation). Stack memory is automatically reclaimed when the function exits, which can be convenient for the programmer if the data is no longer required. Therefore, it is suitable for temporary data, where memory is not needed after the execution of a function.

Implementation Of Stack in C++:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

class StackMemory
{
 private:
  int arr[10];
     int top;
  
 public:
         
  StackMemory()
  {
   top=0;
  }
 
  void push ()
  {
      int num;
      if (top==(10 - 1))
      {
          cout<<"Memory is Full"<<endl;
 
      }
      else
      {
          cout<<"Enter The Element To Be Pushed: "<<endl;
          cin>>num;
          arr[top]=num;
          top++;
      }

  }

  void pop ()
  {
      int num;
      if (top <0)
      {
          cout<<"Stack is Empty:"<<endl;
         
      }
      else
      {
          cout<<"POP Element: = "<<arr[0]<<endl;
          for(int x=0;x<top;x++)
          arr[x]=arr[x+1];
          
          top--;
          
      }
     
  }

  void display ()
  {
      if (top== -1)
      {
                 cout<<"Stack is empty"<<endl;
        
      }
      else
      { 
          cout<<"The status is: "<<endl;
          for (int x=0; x<top;x++)
          {
              cout<<arr[x]<<endl;
          }
      }
     }

};
 
int main()
{
    int ch;
    int op = 1;
 StackMemory one;
  
    cout<<"OPERATION:"<<endl;
    while (op!=0)
    {
        cout<<"Enter 1 To PUSH "<<endl;
        cout<<"Enter 2 To POP "<<endl;
        cout<<"Enter 3 To DISPLAY "<<endl;
        cout<<"Enter 4 To EXIT: ";
        cin>>ch;
        switch (ch)
        {
         case 1:
             one.push();
             break;
         case 2:
             one.pop();
             break;
         case 3:
             one.display();
             break;
         case 4:
             return 0;
        }
        cout<<"Do you want to continue(0 or 1 ): ";
        cin>>op;
        cout<<endl;
    }
}